You are not logged in.
Ok, Il Palazzo-sama. Thank you for the info, I will read that.
As of now I am pretty confident in saying that the system image is good to go. It serves my ownCloud and other things and has survived reboots etc. There were a couple more things, for which I'm not really sure if the image was originally broken, or if this process had anything to do with it. I'll document these too here.
For some reason, /etc/fstab did not have the root volume, but it got mounted anyway somehow. The problem is that it was mounted read only. So:
# mount -o remount,rw /
# echo '/dev/xvda1 / ext4 rw,relatime,user_xattr,acl,barrier=1,data=ordered 0 1' >>/etc/fstabOne more thing, /etc/ssl/certs directory was out of touch, especially the file ca-certificates.crt was missing. The fix was to run
# update-ca-certificatesOffline