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I’m not planning on dual-booting this time, and I suspect that not deleting the EFI SysPartition may have caused the problem that just doesn’t allow me to boot into Arch without a usb…
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Not being able to boot Arch without a usb is a system configuration issue. Yes, deleting the ESP will affect your 'startup menu', whatever that means exactly, but that's a symptom, not the problem.
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You have to install a bootloader on the EFI partition. Without that, you cannot directly boot into Arch, which is why you may be finding the need to use the USB. I suspect that you did not install one after finishing the installation process. It's a small note at the bottom: https://wiki.archlinux.org/title/Instal … oot_loader
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